Risk factors for thrombosis
　　I anticipate a combination of in vivo and in vitro approaches will be necessary to distinguish the unique cellular determinants that modulate clot function. Some of these properties can be examined using cultured cells and in vitro biochemical and biophysical assays; however， genetic models of thrombosis in which specific cellular properties have been deleted or enhanced will be necessary to demonstrate the contributions of these properties to thrombus formation and resolution.
　　New biomarkers in thrombosis detection
　　A considerable literature has correlated elevated levels of factor VIII and fibrinogen with increased risk of venous thrombosis/
thromboembolism. Our recent studies with a murine model of these hypercoagulabilities suggest elevated levels of these proteins are not only risk factors， but also etiologic agents. However， our studies also suggest that elevated levels of these proteins， in isolation， do not trigger spontaneous thrombosis.  Thus， we conclude other risk factors (e.g.， vascular dysfunction and/or abnormal fluid flow) must also be present， consistent with Virchow’s conceptual model of thrombosis.
　　血栓形成的危险因素
　　目前，联合体内和体外方法确定调节凝血功能的独特的细胞决定因素，采用培养细胞和离体生物化学和生物物理学分析观察凝血功能的一些特性，均可作为血栓形成的危险因素。但是，敲除或增强了特定细胞特性的血栓形成的基因模型对于发现这些特性对血栓形成和溶解的作用是必需的。
　　检测血栓形成的新标志物
　　大量文献提示，因子VⅢ和纤维蛋白原水平升高与静脉血栓形成/血栓栓塞风险增加相关。我们最近的研究采用了高凝状态的小鼠模型，提示因子VⅢ和纤维蛋白原水平升高不但是静脉血栓形成/血栓栓塞的危险因素，还是致病因素。但是，我们的研究也提示，因子VⅢ和纤维蛋白原水平单独升高不会诱发自发性血栓形成。因此，我们认为一定有其他危险因素（例如血管功能障碍和/或血流异常）存在，这与Virchow所提出的血栓形成概念模型一致。