<International Circulation>: Improvements in heathcare actually leads to the increase in the incidence of some conditions， such as aortic valve calcification. Aortic valve calcification in elderly patients can cause aortic stenosis and because age has increased risk for all kinds of complications and multiple organ dysfunctions， the risk of surgery is very high. Recently， percutaneous aortic valve implantation has presented itself as an appropriate therapy for these special patients. Can you outline the indications and contraindications for the procedure?
<International Circulation>: We know the new technology has encouraging prospects in the eyes of clinicians and of course it is paramount to pay attention to safety. What is your view on the safety of percutaneous aortic valve implantation?
Dr Ussia: Where the procedure is successful the outcomes are impressive. From European national registries data we see the procedural success is around 97% to 98%， and the 30 day all cause mortality is around 8% which is lower than the expected mortality rate for cardiac surgery as predicted by surgical risk scores .
So the safety and efficacy of the transcatheter aortic valve implantation are good and very encouraging for the future.
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